在涂料体系应用过程中，经常会出现表面缺陷，影响涂层的外观及保护功能。
典型的表面缺陷有:
基材难以润湿
缩孔
贝纳德漩涡的形成，发花
流平不良，桔皮现象
所有这些缺陷的一个关键参数是所涉及的材料的表面张力，尤其是表面张力的差异导致表面缺陷的形成。表面张力差异可能源于体系本身(溶剂的蒸发、成膜树脂的交联反应)，也可能是由外部来源，比如过喷或粉尘颗粒(基材污染)引起的。
为了避免这些表面缺陷，助剂被用于控制涂层的表面张力和/或最小化表面张力的差异。这些产品主要是聚硅氧烷(有机硅助剂)和聚丙烯酸酯(丙烯酸酯助剂)。
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