溶剂从涂层中蒸发导致在膜中形成涡流。这是因为更多的来自较低层的富含溶剂的材料必须连续地被输送到表面。这导致形成宏观可见的漩涡结构(贝纳德漩涡)。密度、温度和特别是表面张力的差异是这些运动过程的驱动力。许多表面缺陷最终可能都来自这些贝纳德漩涡:发花、流平问题、气流敏感性。
在色漆体系中,颜料也参与涡流运动,如果不同颜料的流动性不同,流动过程会使它们彼此分离。然后颜料不再均匀地分布在涂层表面(发花)。在水平表面上,可见漩涡结构;在垂直表面,可看见条纹(丝纹)。
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