底材润湿主要取决于液体涂层材料的表面张力和被涂覆基材的临界表面张力。为了获得良好的润湿效果,涂层的表面张力通常应低于或等于基材的表面能。如果涂层的表面张力高于基体的表面能,涂层会发生涂布不均或漆膜收缩成珠状,即润湿性差。通常表面张力较低的基材(如塑料部件)或受污染的表面(油渣、脱模剂)很难被润湿。
水性涂料体系,由于其含水,比溶剂型涂料具有更高的表面张力,因此表现出更大的润湿问题。有机硅助剂降低了涂料的表面张力,从而使基材更好被润湿。具有二甲基结构的有机硅更可取,因为它们显著降低表面张力。特别是在水性体系中,有机硅表面活性剂也适用。此外,在水体系中,也可以使用基于醇烷氧基酯的无有机硅表面活性剂,因为其显著降低动态表面张力。
仅含聚丙烯酸酯的助剂不适合改善基材的润湿性。
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