聚丙烯酸酯的基本组分(单体)为丙烯酸酯。利用c=c双键,可将该分子聚合成长链聚丙烯酸酯。如果用甲基丙烯酸酯代替丙烯酸酯,则生成聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
通常,聚合的不是丙烯酸本身,而是丙烯酸酯,在这些单体中,-COOH基团的氢原子被不同的R-基团所取代。可能的改性基团:烷基链、聚醚链和聚酯链。酸性基团也可以被胺类中和。活性基团(例如:OH)也可以加入至侧链;在成膜树脂的交联反应中,该改性丙烯酸酯助剂可以加入到涂膜基体中。分子量可以在很大范围内变化;
单体单元的数量通常在40到800之间。仅使用一种单体进行聚合得到均聚物,而如果使用几种不同类型的单体,则会产生共聚合物。
对于液体涂料,聚丙烯酸酯可作为无溶剂助剂(100%)或稀释形式(~50%)使用。在粉末涂料中,聚丙烯酸酯被惰性载体吸收(丙烯酸酯含量在60%左右)。
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